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OSCOLA referencing: Pinpointing text

To pinpoint means to identify where, within the document you are citing, you found the information. At the end of the citation, indicate whereto find the passage on which you are relying. The pinpoint is usually to a page number, but if a case has numbered paragraphs, use the paragraph number instead. Paragraph numbers should be indicated by square brackets, except for EU cases.

  • J Young, 'The Constitutional Limits of Judicial Activism: Judicial Conduct of International Relations and Child Abduction' (2003) 66 MLR 823, 825
  • Case C-176/03 Commission v Council [2005] ECR I-7879, paras 47-48
  • Nikken Kosakusho Works v Pioneer Trading Co [2005] EWCA Civ 906, [2006] FSR 4 [13]-[19]

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PILOT - OSCOLA referencing by Cathie Jackson, Ian Bradley, Matthew Davies and Lynn Goodhew, Information Services, Cardiff University adapted by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Based on a work at https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/oscola/tutorial/