
Reference List layout: suggested format for GCU Harvard referencing
Books
Author/Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name)
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Series title and number (if part of a series)
Edition (if not the first edition)
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
You present that information as follows:
Layout examples:
Autistic Association. 2002, Understanding Autism, 3rd edn, Campion, London.
Kirk, J. (ed.) 1999, Worlds Apart, Enterprise, Florida.
Rymer, J. 2001, Nottingham Forest – Dream Team, Blackwell, London.If there are more than six authors you should use et al.
Layout example:
Tolson, D., Nolan, M., Ferguson, D., Brown, J., Begley, P., Cole, S., et al. 2010, Partnership in practice project. Developing an intervention to promote partnerships between cared for individuals, family carers and community nurses, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow.
Journal articles
Author
Year of publication
Title of journal article
Title of journal (this should be in italics)
Volume number preceded by vol.
Part number preceded by no.
Page number(s) of the article preceded by pp.You present the information as follows:
Example
Picard, J. 2001, "Logistics and the Borg", Starbug Tribune, Vol. 36, no.4, pp. 44 - 49.
E-journal articles
Author
Year of publication
Title of journal article
Title of journal (this should be in italics)
[Online]
Volume number preceded by vol.
Part number preceded by no.
Page number(s) of the article preceded by pp.
Available at: database name or URL
[Date of access]You present that information as follows:
Example
Smith, B. 2002, "Time to go Home", Journal of Hyperactivity, [online] Vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 122 - 123. Available at: PubMed [Accessed 6 June 2002].
Alternatively
Smith, B. 2002, "Time to go Home", Journal of Hyperactivity, [online] Vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 122 - 123 Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed [Accessed 6 June 2002].
Interviews
Broadcast interviews
Name of person interviewed
Interviewed by: Name of interviewer
Title of interview (if any)
Title of programme (this should be in italics)
(Date)
Time
Production informationYou present that information as follows:
Example
Blair, Tony (2001) Interview, In: Tonight. TV, BBC2. 2001, March 21st 23.00 hrs.
Personal interviews
Name of person interviewed
Interviewed by: Name of interviewer
(Date)You present that information as follows:
Example
Potter, P. Interviewed by: Snape, S. (11th June 2006)
Chapters in books
Author of the chapter
Year of publication
"Title of chapter" followed by, In:
Title (this should be in italics)
Editor (if it is an editor always put ed. before the name)
Series title and number (if part of a series)
Edition (if not the first edition)
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
Page numbersYou present that information as follows:
Layout example:
Ferguson, D. 2008, “Rehabilitation.” in: Occupational Health Nursing, ed. K. Oakley, 2nd edn, Wiley, Chichester, pp. 253 -270.
Conference proceedings
Published conference proceedings with author or editor(s):
Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name)
Year of publication
Organisation
Title (this should be in italics)
Publisher
Place of publication
Page numbersYou present the information as follows:
Example of entire conference proceedings
Ryker, W. 2002, Federation Council. The astrologics of warp engines. Enterprise, Aberdeen..
Paper in a conference proceeding
Author
Year of publication
"Title of conference paper"
Title of conference (in italics)
Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) before the name)
Publisher
Place of publication
Page numbersYou present the information as follows:
Example of individual paper from conference proceedings
Oliver, R. 2002, "Winning the toss and electing to bat: maximising the opportunities of online learning", Proceedings of the 9th improving student learning conference, ed. C. Rust, OUP, Oxford, pp. 35.
Unpublished conference proceedingsAuthor / Editor (if it is an editor always put ed. before the name)
Year of publication
Organisation
Title (this should be in italics)
Unpublished conference proceedings
Where the proceedings can be foundYou present the information as follows:
Example
Ryker, W. 2002, Federation Council. The astrologics of warp engines. Unpublished conference proceedings. Institution of Aerospace, London.
N.B. If no author or editor is given on the title page the name of the conference is cited first in italics.
World Wide Web
Author / Editor / Corporate Author
Year
Title (this should be in italics)
[online]
Available at: URL
[Date of access]You present that information as follows:
Example
Edelson, S. (no date) Asperger's Syndrome. [online] Available from: http://www.autism.org/asperger.html [Accessed 19th September 2002].
N.B. If there is no author or corporate author use the title of the document as the main point of reference.
Library Services: Glasgow Caledonian University. 2010, [online]. Available at: http://www.gcal.ac.uk/library/ [Accessed 10th October 2007].
Personal communication
Name of practitioner
Subject or title of message
Type of communication
Date the information was providedYou present that information as follows:
Example
Mullholland, J. Our learning policy, (Letter, Personal communication, 26th April, 2004).
Books that have been translated
Author/Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name)
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Trans (followed by the name of the person who translated the book)
Series title and number (if part of a series)
Edition (if not the first edition)
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
You present that information as follows:
Layout example:
Kawanishi, M. 2002, The History of Japan, Trans. Bean, S., Hakodate Publishing, Hakodate.
Reports
Author or name of issuing body
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics if a separate element)
(Report numbe): (this should be followed by the actual number in figures)
Publisher
Place of piblication
You present that information as follows:
Example
World Health Organisation. 2005, Voluntary Projects in East Africa. (FK3- 2678459) HMSO, Geneva.
Emails
Sender
(Sender's email address)
Day Month Year
Subject of message (this should be in italics)
Email to: recipient's name
(Recipient's email address)You present that information as follows:
Example
Lowman, D. (deborah_lowman@pbsinc.com), 4 April 2000. RE: Procite and Internet References. E-Mail to P. Cross (pcross@bournemouth.ac.uk).
Presentations/lectures at conferences/meetings
Author
Year
Title of presentation / lecture
Presented at the conference / meeting title (this should be in italics)
Conference / meeting locationYou present that information as follows:
Example
Yoda, M. 2005, Code of Ethics for the Jedi: are they outdated?, Presented at the Annual Jedi Conference. Coruscant.
Online version
Author
Year
Title of presentation / lecture
Presented at the conference / meeting title (this should be in italics)
Conference / meeting location
[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access]You present that information as follows:
Example
Solo, H. 2004, Light speed and prevailing problems, Presented at the School of Aeronautics. London. [Online] Available from: http://starwars.org.uk [Accessed 20 May 2005].
Books written in a foreign language
Author / Editor: if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name
Year of publication: in brackets
Title: in italics
[Title in original language]: this should be in italics
Series title and number: if part of a series
Edition: if not the first edition
Place of publication: if there is more than one place listed, use the first named
PublisherExample 1
Milani, F. (2001) The Phantom of the Opera. [Le Fantome de L'Opera] Paris, LeRoux.
White and Green Papers
Author
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Organisation
Report number: (this should be followed by the actual number in figures)You present that information as follows:
Example
Leatherwood, S. 2002, Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the western North Atlantic, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Report number: 63.
Podcasts
Title podcast (this should be in italics)
Year
Podcast
[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access & GMT] (this should include hour, minute & seconds)You present that information as follows:
Example
Nature podcast, 2006, Podcast [Online] Available from: http://www.nature.com/environmental/index.html. [Accessed 25 May 2006. GMT 18: 11:06 ].
Maps
Author
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Scale
Series title and number (if part of a series)
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
You present that information as follows:
Example
Geographical Survey of Great Britain. 1972, Brighton, 1:50.000. AA Publishing, London.
E-books
Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) before the name)
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Series title and number (if part of a series)
Edition (if not the first edition)
[online]
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
Available from: database name or URL
[Date of access]You present the information as follows:
Example
Daly, J. & MyiLibrary, 2005. Professional nursing : concepts, issues, and challenges. Springer, New York, NY. [online] Available from: http://www.myilibrary.com?id=181155&Ref=Athens [Accessed on 26th March 2010].
Statutory instruments
Title (this should be in italics)
Year of publication
The abbreviation: SI
Statutory instrument number
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
You present that information as follows:
Example
The Public Contract Regulations 2006, 2006, SI 2006/5, TSO (The Stationary Office), London.
Weblogs (Blogs)
Author / Corporate Author
Day/Month/Year
Title (this should be in italics)
Weblog
[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access & GMT] (this should include hour, minute & seconds)You present that information as follows:
Example
Tyler, R. 16/06/2006, The Mechanical interface of the Tardis. Weblog. [Online] Available from: http://www.darlikcity.org/publication3.html [Accessed 19th April 2006. GMT 07:49:37].
N.B. If there is no author or corporate author use the title of the document as the main point of reference.
Wikis
Wikis are online tools for creating content collaboratively with others. Wikipedia is one example.
Author / Editor / Corporate Author: If there is no author or corporate author use the title of the document as the main point of reference.
Date of last edit: in brackets
Title: in italics
[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access & GMT]: this should include hour, minute & seconds
Example 1
WikiFido. (2nd June 2007) Dog Breeds. [Online] Available from: http://www.wikifido.com/page/Dog+Breeds [Accessed 10th August 2006. GMT 17:49:37].
Theses
Author
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Academic institutionYou present the information as follows:
Example
Singleton, K. 2010, The functional characterisation of the acidic domain of N- Arginine Dibasic Convertase, Glasgow Caledonian University.
Wood, B.M. 2009, Design as an economic development enabler, Glasgow Caledonian University.
Patents
Author
Year of publication
Title (this should be in italics)
Patent number
(Patent)You present that information as follows:
Example
Wetting, W. 1995, Fluke board varient of surf board – has extension in shape of lobe of dolphin’s tail attached by joint to underside of board, DE4412911-A1 (Patent).
Multimedia
Recordings from the TV
Example
World in Action. (1995) All work and no play. [Video:VHS] London, ITV, 21st January.
Video recordings: commercialExample
Fragile Earth, 5 (1982) South American Wetland:Pantanal. [Video:VHS] Henley,Watchword Video.
DVD recordings: commercial
Example
Hawking, S.,W., (1994). A brief history of time: an interactive adventure [DVD]. Crunch Media.
Audio cassettes
Example
British Diabetic Association. (2002) Guidelines on Nutrition. [Audio Cassette] London, BDA.
CD-ROMs
Author (if no author is available use 'Anon')
(Year of publication)
Title of information used
CD-ROM title (this should be in italics)
[CD-ROM]
Place of publication
PublisherYou present that information as follows:
Example
Anon. (2002) Heart Attack. Mass, Encyclopaedia Britannica. [CD-ROM] Britannica.
Films
Title of film (this should be in italics)
(Year)
[Film]
Director
place of production and Production companyYou present that information as follows:
Example
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. (2002) [Film] Directed by: Chris Columbus. USA, Warner Brothers.
Standards
Standard Body/Institution
Year of publication
Standard number
Title (this should be in italics)
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
You present the information as follows:
Example
British Standards Institution, 1998, BS 5950-5:1998, Structural use of steelwork in building: code of practice for design of cold formed thin gauge sections, BSI, London.
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1998, IEEE Std 1016-1998, I EEE recommended practice for software design descriptions, IEEE, New York.
Newspaper articles
Print copy
Reporter
Year
Title of article
Title of newspaper (this should be in italics)
(Day and month of publication)
Page number(s) of article (use 'p.' before a single page number and 'pp.' when there are multiple pages)You present the information as follows:
Example
Brown, A. 1995, The health of the nation in crisis, Scotland on Sunday, June 4, p.5.
Regeneration 'continuing'. 2008, The Plymouth Evening Herald. Jul 18, p. 4.
Helen, R. A. E. 2008, Fit for the festivities. Evening Chronicle. Dec 1, p. 2.Online copy
Reporter
Year of publication
Title of article
Title of newspaper (this should be in italics)
Month and day of publication
[Online]
Page number(s) of article (use 'p.' before a single page number and 'pp.' when there are multiple pages)
Available from: URL
[Date of access]You present the information as follows:
Example
Paakkinen, Jouni. 2002, All Singing, All Dancing. The Springfield Times. Oct 16, [Online] Available from: http://www.snpp.com/news.html#songbook [Accessed 15th November 2002].
N.B. Some publishers just use the initial of the first name of author(s)/editor(s), others may use the full name. Always follow the format of the publisher you are referring to. If there is no author/editor use the name of the newspaper as a corporate author.