Government publication online
General format
- Full note:
1. Scotland, Name of Government Body/Division, Publication Title, (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), URL.
- Concise note:
2. Scotland, Name of Government Body/Division, Publication Title.
- Bibliography:
Scotland. Name of Government Body/Division. Publication Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. URL.
Example
- Full note:
1. Canada, Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Report, (Ottawa: Canada Communication Group Publishing, 1996), http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ch/rcap/sg/sgmm_e.html.
- Concise note:
2. Canada, Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples, Report.
- Bibliography:
Canada. Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples. Report. Ottawa: Canada Communication Group Publishing, 1996. http://www.ainc-inac.gc.ca/ch/rcap/sg/sgmm_e.html
Motion picture (video recording)
General format
- Full note:
1. "Scene Title or Number," Title of Motion Picture, directed by Director First Name Surname (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), Format.
- Concise note:
2. "Scene Title or Number."
- Bibliography:
"Scene Title or Number." Title of Motion Picture. Directed by Director First Name Surname. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Format.
Example
- Full note:
1. "Crop Duster Attack," North by Northwest, directed by Alfred Hitchcock (1959; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2000), DVD.
- Concise note:
2. "Crop Duster Attack."
- Bibliography:
"Crop Duster Attack." North by Northwest. Directed by Alfred Hitchcock. 1959. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2000. DVD.
Image from an electronic source
General format
- Full note:
1. Author First Name/Initial Surname, Image Title, Year, URL.
- Concise Note:
2. Author Surname, Image Title.
- Bibliography:
Author Surname, First Name or Initial. Image Title. Year. URL.
Example
- Full Note:
1. Illingworth Holey Kerr, Straw Stacks, March Thaw, 1935, http://www.art2life.ca.
- Concise Note:
2. Kerr, Straw Stacks, March Thaw.
- Bibliography:
Kerr, Illingworth Holey. Straw Stacks, March Thaw. 1935. http://www.art2life.ca.
Don't forget to check copyright on the images! Look at the library copyright pages for more information.
Interviews and personal communications
Unpublished interviews and personal communications (conversations, emails, letters, and so on) are generally cited in a footnote only; they are rarely included in the bibliography.
General Format
- Full Note:
1. Interviewee/Email Sender First Name/Initial Surname, Interview by Name of Interviewer, Place and Date of Interview.
- Concise Note:
Generally the same as the full note. Can list Interviewee/Email Sender by Surname only.
- Bibliography:
Typically no bibliography entry required.
Example 1
- Full Note:
1. Andrew Macmillan (principal adviser, Investment Center Division, FAO), in discussion with the author, September 1998.
Example 2
- Full note:
1. Interview with health care worker, August 10, 1999.
Example 3
- Full note:
1. Constance Conlon, email message to author, April 17, 2000.
Example 4
- Full note:
1. John Powell to Grapevine mailing list, April 23, 1998, no. 83, http://www.electriceditors.net/grapevine/archives.php.
Pamphlets, brochures and reports
These types of sources are basically treated like books.
General Format
- Full Note:
1. Author First Name/Initial Surname, Title: Subtitle (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page #(if there is one).
- Concise Note:
2. Author Surname, Title, page # (if there is one).
- Bibliography:
Author Surname, First Name or Initial. Title: Subtitle. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Example
- Full note:
1. Hazel V. Clark, Mesopotamia: Between Two Rivers (Mesopotamia, OH: End of the Commons General Store, 1957).
- Concise note:
2. Clark, Mesopotamia.
- Bibliography:
Clark, Hazel V. Mesopotamia: Between Two Rivers. Mesopotamia, OH: End of the Commons General Store, 1957.
Scriptural references
Scriptural references appear in the Notes section only, not the bibliography.
General Format
- Full Note:
1. Name of the Book (in roman and often abbreviated) Chapter:Verse (Version being Cited).
- Concise Note:
Same as above.
- Bibliography:
Not included.
Example
- Full note:
1. 6.2 Kings 11:8 (New Revised Standard Version).
- Concise note:
Same as above.
- Bibliography:
Not included.
Other items
Secondary sources
Sometimes an author will quote work someone else has done, but you are unable to track down the original source. In this case, both the original and the secondary source must be listed in the note and the bibliography.
If, for example, you were reading a book and the author of the book (in the example below, that would be Sarah Gwyneth Ross) made reference to the work done by another author (in the example below, that would be Astrik L. Gabriel), you would refer to the work as shown in the layout below.
General Format
- Full Note:
1. Author First Name/Initial Surname [original author], Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page number, quoted in Author First Name/Initial Surname [the author of the book that refers to the thoughts/ideas of the other author]), Title (Place of Publication: Publisher, Year), page #.
- Concise Note:
2. Author Surname [original author], Title, page #.
- Bibliography:
Author Surname, First Name/Initial [original author]. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year. Quoted in Author First Name/Initial Surname [the author of the book that refers to the thoughts/ideas of the other author]. Title. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year, page #.
Example
- Full note:
1. Astrik L. Gabriel, "The Educational Ideas of Christine de Pisan," Journal of the History of Ideas 16, no. 1 (1995): 3-21, quoted in Sarah Gwyneth Ross, The Birth of Feminism: Women as Intellect in Renaissance Italy and England (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009), 23.
- Concise note:
2. Gabriel, "The Educational Ideas," 3-21.
- Bibliography:
Gabriel, Astrik L.. "The Educational Ideas of Christine de Pisan." Culture and Imperialism. Journal ofthe History of Ideas 16, no. 1 (1995). Quoted in Sarah Gwyneth Ross. The Birth of Feminism: Women as Intellect in Renaissance Italy and England. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009, 23.
This is the end of our section on Chicago referencing. We hope that you have found it useful.

