Welcome to SMIRK Unit 5
Numerical referencing examples


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Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Books

Details to collect:

Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed) after the name) book
Title (this should be in italics) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
Publisher 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, usethe first named) 
Year of publication 
Page numbers (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example

Simpson, H. Jones, E. & Miles, C . The History of Springfield , 2nd edition.  Bugle Press, Derby , 2002, pp 26 – 30.

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Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Books that have been translated

Details to collect: 

Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed) after the name) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Trans (followed by the name of the person who translated the book)
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
Publisher
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Year of publication 
Page numbers (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example

Kawanishi, M. The History of Japan , Trans. Bean, S. Hakodate Publishing, Hakodate , 2002, p 6.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Books written in a foreign language

Details to collect:

Author / Editor – (if it is an editor always put (ed) after the name)
Title (this should be in italics) 
[Title in original language] (this should be in italics) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
Publisher 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Year of publicationcartoon man filling in suvey
Page numbers (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example 

Milani, F. The Phantom of the Opera , [ Le Fantome De L'Opera ] LeRoux, Paris, 2004, pp 6 – 13.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

 

Blogs

Details to collect:

Author / Corporate Author 
Title (this should be in italics)
Day/Month/Year 
Weblog
[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access and GMT] (this should include hour, minute and seconds)

Example

Tyler, R.  The Mechanical interface of the Tardis, 16/06/2006, Weblog, [Online] Available from: http://www.darlikcity.org/publication3.html 
[Accessed 19th April 2006. GMT 07:49:37].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Chapters in books

Details to collect: 

Author of the chapter 
Title of chapter followed by, In: 
Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed) after the name) 
Title of book (this should be in italics) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
Publisher 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Year of publication 
Page numbers (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example

Stone, T. Libraries in the Twenty-First Century, In: Woolley, M. (ed) The Changing World of Information Retrieval. UOL Press, Luton , 2002, pp 23 – 45.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

eBooks

Details to collect: 

Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed) after the name) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
[e-book]
Publisher 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
Publisher
Year of publication 
Available from: database name or URL
[Date of access]

Example

Simpson, H. Jones, E. & Miles, C . The History of Springfield , 2nd edition. [e-book] Bugle Press, Derby. Available from: http://www.buglepress.com [7 August 2008]

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

eJournals

Details to collect:

Author / Editor
Title of journal article
Title of journal  (this should be in italics)
[Online]
Year of publication
Volume number
(Issue number)
Page numbers of the article (use ‘p’ before a single page number and ‘pp’ where there are multiple pages) 
Available from: database name or URL
[Date of access]

Example

Smith, B. Time to go Home. Journal of Hyperactivity, [Online] 2005,  6 (4), pp 122 – 123. Available from:  http://www.alu.ac.uk [Accessed 6th June, 2002].
Alternatively
Smith, B. Time to go Home. Journal of Hyperactivity, [Online] 2005,  6 (4), pp 122 – 123. Available from:  Pubmed [Accessed 6th June, 2002].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Emails

Details to collect:

Sender
(Sender’s email address)
Title of message 
(this should be in italics)
E-mail to: recipients name
(Recipient’s email address) 

(Day/Month/Year)

Example

Hornblower, H. (h.hornblower@HMS.Renown.ukTreaty of Luneville,  E-mail to: Pellew, C. (c.pellew@HMS.Justinian.uk), (16/09/05).

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Conference proceedings

Details to collect: 

Published conference proceedings with author or editor(s): 

Author / Editor - if it is an editor always put (ed) after the name 
Organisation 
Title ( this should be in italics ) 
Place of publication 
Publisher 
Date of publication 

Page numbers (use 'P' before a single page number and 'pp' where there are multiple pages) 

Example of entire conference proceedings

Ryker, W. Federation Council. The astrologics of warp engines. Aberdeen, FCP, 2002, pp 67-69.

Example of individual paper from conference proceedings

Grigio, P. Aphides and the Pasqua grape. In: Rosemount, T. WASS. Proceedings of the 5th annual conference. Florida, Florida Press, 2005, pp 56-78. 

Unpublished conference proceedings

Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed) after the name) 
Organisation 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Year of publication 
Unpublished conference proceedings 
Where the proceedings can be found

Example

Ryker, W. Federation Council. The astrologics of warp engines . 2002. Unpublished conference proceedings. London, Institution of Aerospace.

Tip: If no author or editor is given on the title page, the name of the conference is cited first in italics.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Interviews

Details to collect:

Broadcast interviews

Name of person interviewed
Interviewed by: Name of interviewer
Title of interview (if any)
Title of Program  (this should be in italics)
Production information
Date and time

Example
Kirk, T. Interviewed by: Picard, J. News Night Live, 10pm Channel 6,  24th June 2001.

Personal interviews

Name of person interviewed
Interviewed by: Name of interviewer

Date and time

Example
Potter, P. Interviewed by: Snape, S. 24th June 2005.

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Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Journal articles

Details to collect:

Author / Editor 
Title of journal article 
Title of journal (this should be in italics) 
Year of publication 
Volume number 
(Issue number) 
Page numbers of the article (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example 

Picard, J. Logistics and the Borg, Starbug Tribune , 2002, 36 (3), pp 44 – 49.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Maps

Details to collect:

Author 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Scale 
Series title and number 
(if part of a series) 
Publisher 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Date of publication

Example

Geographical Survey of Great Britain Brighton , 1:50.000. AA Publishing, London, 1972.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Multimedia

Video recordings: recorded from the TV

Example
World in Action.  All work and no play,  [Video:VHS] London, ITV, 21st January 2002.

Video recordings: commercial

Example
Fragile Earth, 5. South American Wetland:Pantanal, [Video:VHS] Henley, Watchword Video, 1998.

Audio cassettes:

Example        
British Diabetic Association. Guidelines on Nutrition, [Audio Cassette] London, BDA, 2005.

CD-ROMs 

Author / Editor (if no author is available use ‘Anon’)
Title of information used 
CD-ROM title (thid should be in italics)
[CD-ROM]
Publisher
Year of publication

Example
Anon. Heart Attack, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Mass: Britannica, 2001.

Films

Title of film (this should be in italics)
[Film]
Director
Production company and place of production
Date

Example
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, [Film] Directed by: Chris Columbus. Warner Brothers, USA, 2002.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Newspapers

Details to collect:

Paper copy

Reporter 
Title of article
Title of newspaper
 (this should be in italics) 
Day, month and year of publication 
Page numbers of the article (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example 
Klingon, J. Starfleet Command, Startrek News Friday 3 rd October 2002 , p 27. 

Online copy

Reporter 
Title of article
Title of Newspaper (this should be in italics) 
[Online] 
Day, month and year of publication 
Page numbers of the article – if available (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages) 
Available from: URL 
[Date of access]

Example
Paakkinen, Jouni. All Singing, All Dancing, The Springfield Times, [Online] Wednesday 16 th October 2002 , p 6. Available from: http://www.snpp.com/news.html#songbook [Accessed 15 th November, 2002 ].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Patents

Details to collect:

Author
Title
 (this should be in italics)
Patent number 
(Patent)
Date of publicationPage number
s  (use ‘p’ before a single page number and ‘pp’ where there are multiple pages)

Example

Wetting, W. Fluke board variant of surf board – has extension in shape of lobe of dolphin’s tail attached by joint to underside of board,  DE4412911-A1 (Patent) 1995, p 9

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Personal communications

Details to collect:

Name of Practitioner
Occupation
Date the information was provided

Example

Law, James.  Engineering consultant, 26 March 2004.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Podcasts

Details to collect:

Title podcast (this should be in italics
Date

[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access and GMT] (this should include hour, minute and seconds)

Example

Nature podcast, 2006, [Online] Available from: http://www.nature.com/environmental/index.html. [Accessed 19th April 2006. GMT 07:49:37].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Presentations and lectures

Details to collect:

Author
Title of presentation / lecture
Presented at the conference / meeting title (this should be in italics)
Conference / meeting location
Year

Example 

Yoda, M. Code of Ethics for the Jedi: are they outdated?, Presented at the Annual Jedi Conference. Coruscant, 2205.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Reports

Details to collect:

Author 
Title
 (this should be in italics) 
Organisation 
Report number:
 (this should be followed by the actual number in figures) 
Date of publication 
Page numbers
 (use 'p' before a single page number and 'pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example 

Leatherwood, S. Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the western North Atlantic. U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Report number: 63, 2001, pp 18-19. 

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Standards

Details to collect:

Standard Body or Institution 
Standard number 
Title
 (this should be in italics) 
Publisher 
Place of publication
 (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Year of publication

Example

British Standards Institution BS 5950-5:1998. Structural use of steelwork in building: code of practice for design of cold formed thin gauge sections. BSI, London. 1998.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Std 1016-1998. I EEE recommended practice for software design descriptions. IEEE, New York, 1998.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Statutory instruments

Documents detailing the rules written by the civil service under powers delegated from Parliament.

Details to collect:

Title (this should be in italics) 
The abbreviation: SI 
Statutory Instrument number 
Place of publication 
Publisher 
Date of publication 
Page numbers
 (use 'p' before a single page number and 'pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example

The Public Contract Regulations 2006. SI 2006/5. London, TSO (The Stationary Office), 2006, pp 45-46.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Theses

Final written work by PhD and postgraduate students, dissertations, project reports, discourses and essays by any student.  

Details to collect:

Author 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Type of thesis 
Academic institution 
Date of publication 
Page numbers (use ‘p' before a single page number and ‘pp' where there are multiple pages) 

Example

Bodd, C. R. Government in transition: 1989 – 1995 . PhD thesis, University of Utopia . 1999, pp 24-37.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Web pages

Details to collect:

Author / Editor
Title (this should be in italics)
[Online]
Available from: URL 
[Date of access]

Example 

Edelson, S. Asperger's Syndrome, [Online] Available from:http://www.autism.com/autism/behavior/asperger.htm 
[Accessed 15th January 2009].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

White and green papers

Government consultation papers to inform the debate on new policy and laws.

Details to collect:

Government department 
Title 
(this should be in italics) 
Paper number 
Place of publication 
Publisher 
Date of publication 
Page numbers
 (use 'p' before a single page number and 'pp' where there are multiple pages)

Example

Department of Health. Choosing Health: making healthier choices easier. CM6374. London, Stationery Office, 2001, p 5.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/