Welcome to SMIRK Unit 5
Harvard examples


SMILE main image
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Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Books

Details to collect:

Author/Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name) 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Publisher

Examples: 

Autistic Association. (2002) Understanding Autism. London, Campion. 

Kirk, J. (ed.) (1999) Worlds Apart. Florida, Enterprise. 

Rymer, J. (2001) Nottingham Forest – Dream Team. London, Blackwell.

If there are three or more authors you must list every author in your reference list – do not use et al.

Simpson, H., Jones, E. & Miles, C. (2002) The History of Springfield. 2nd edition. Derby, Bugle Press.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

 

Journal and ejournal articles

Details to collect:

Author
(Year of publication) 
Title of journal article
Title of journal 
(this should be in italics) 
Volume number
(Part number)
Page number(s) of the article ( do not use 'p.' before the page numbers)

Example

Picard, J. (2001) Logistics and the Borg. Starbug Tribune, 36 (4), 44 - 49.

Ejournals

Details to collect:

Author
(Year of publication) 
Title of journal article
Title of journal 
(this should be in italics) 
[Online]
Volume number 
(Part number)
Page number(s) of the article 

Available from: database name or URL
[Date of access]

Example

Smith, B. (2002) Time to go Home. Journal of Hyperactivity.[Online] 6 (3), 122 - 123
Available from: PubMed [Accessed 6th June 2002].

Alternatively

Smith, B. (2002) Time to go Home. Journal of Hyperactivity.[Online] 6 (3), 122 - 123 Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed [Accessed 6th June 2002].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

 

Interviews

Details to collect:

Broadcast interviews

Name of person interviewed
Interviewed by: Name of interviewer
Title of interview
 (if any)
Title of programme (this should be in italics)
(Date) 
Time
Production information

Example:

Kirk, T. Interviewed by: Picard, J. News Night Live. (24th June 2001) 10pm, Channel 6.  

Personal interviews 

Name of person interviewed
Interviewed by: Name of interviewer
(Date)

Example:

Potter, P. Interviewed by: Snape, S. (11th June 2006)

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

 

Chapters in books

Details to collect:

Author of the chapter 
(Year of publication) 
Title of chapter followed by, In: 
Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Publisher 
Page numbers (use ‘p.’ before a single page number and ‘pp.’ where there are multiple pages)

You present that information as follows:

Example: 

Stone, T. (2002) Libraries in the Twenty-First Century. In: Woolley, M. (ed.) The Changing World of Information Retrieval. Luton, UOL Press, pp. 23 – 45.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Conference proceedings

Details to collect:

Published conference proceedings with author or editor(s): 

Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name) 
(Year of publication)
Organisation
Title 
(this should be in italics) 
Place of publication
Publisher
Page numbers 
(use 'p.' before a single page number and 'pp.' where there are multiple pages)

Example:

Ryker, W. (2002) Federation Council. The astrologics of warp engines. Aberdeen, FCP.

Paper in a conference proceeding

Author 
(Year of publication)
Title of conference paper followed by, In:
Author / Editor 
(if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name) 
Organisation
Title of conference proceedings
 (this should be in italics) 
Place of publication
Publisher
Page numbers 
(use 'p.' before a single page number and 'pp.' where there are multiple pages)

Example:

Grigio, P. (2002) Aphides and the Pasqua grape. In: Rosemount, T. (ed.) WASS. Proceedings of the 5th annual conference. Florida, Florida Press, pp. 43 - 56.

Unpublished conference proceedings

Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name)
(Year of publication)
Organisation
Title (this should be in italics)
Unpublished conference proceedings
Where the proceedings can be found

Example

Ryker, W. (2002) Federation Council. The astrologics of warp engines. Unpublished conference proceedings. Institution of Aerospace, London.

Tip: If no author or editor is given on the title page the name of the conference is cited first in italics.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Web pages

Details to collect:

Author / Editor / Corporate Author 
(Year)
Title 
(this should be in italics)
[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access]

Example

Edelson, S. (no date) Asperger's Syndrome. [Online] Available from: http://www.autism.org/asperger.html [Accessed 19th September 2002]. 

Tip: If there is no author or corporate author use the title of the document as the main point of reference.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Personal communication

Details to collect:

Name of practitioner
Occupation

Date the information was provided

Example

James Mullholland. Director of Learning Resources. (Personal communication, 26th April 2004)

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Books that have been translated

Details to collect:

Author/Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name) 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Trans (followed by the name of the person who translated the book) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition) 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Publisher

Example:

Kawanishi, M. (2002) The History of Japan. Trans. Bean, S. Hakodate, Hakodate Publishing.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Reports

Details to collect:

Author 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Organisation 
Report number: (this should be followed by the actual number in figures)

Example

Leatherwood, S. (2002) Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the western North Atlantic. U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Report number: 63.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Emails

Details to collect:

Sender
(Sender's email address)
(Day Month Year)
Subject of message 
(this should be in italics) 
Email to: recipient's name
(Recipient's email address)

Example

Hornblower, H. (h.hornblower@HMS.Renown.uk) (16th May 2002) Treaty of Luneville. Email to: Pellew, C. (c.pellew@HMS.Justinian.uk).

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Presentations or lectures

Details to collect:

Author
(Year)
Title of presentation / lecture

Presented at the conference / meeting title (this should be in italics)
Conference / meeting location

Example

Yoda, M. (2005) Code of Ethics for the Jedi: are they outdated? Presented at the Annual Jedi Conference. Coruscant.

Online version

Author
(Year)
Title of presentation / lecture

Presented at the conference / meeting title (this should be in italics)
Conference / meeting location
[Online]
Available from: URL 
[Date of access]

Example

Solo, H. (2004) Light speed and prevailing problems. Presented at the School of Aeronautics. London. [Online] Available from: http://starwars.org.uk [Accessed 20th May 2005].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Publications from a corporate body

Details to collect:

COUNTRY (if applicable)
NAME OF ISSUING BODY
 (may be part of the title).
(Year), 
Title of publication, in italics if a separate element. 
Place of publication:
Publisher.

Report Number if relevant

Examples:

GREAT BRITAIN. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. MEDICAL DEVICES AGENCY. (2002) Guidance on the sale, transfer of ownership and disposal of used medical devices : supplement to  'Medical Device and Equipment Management for Hospital and Community-based Organisations'. London: HMSO. (DB9801).

ROYAL COMMISSION ON CIVIL LIBERTY. (1966) (Black Report) London: HMSO. (Comnd. 4879).

SCOTTISH EXECUTIVE. (2000) Allied Health Professions now and into the future. Edinburgh: HMSO.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION. (2005) Voluntary Projects in East Africa. Geneva: HMSO. (FK3- 2678459).

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

White and green papers

Government consultation papers to inform the debate on new policy and laws.

Details to collect:

Author 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Organisation 
Report number: (this should be followed by the actual number in figures)

You present that information as follows:

Example

Leatherwood, S. (2002) Whales, dolphins, and porpoises of the western North Atlantic. U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Report number: 63.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Podcasts

Details to collect:

Title podcast (this should be in italics) 
(Year) 
Podcast

[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access & GMT] 
(this should include hour, minute and seconds)

Example

Nature podcast. (2006). Podcast [Online] Available from: http://www.nature.com/environmental/index.html. [Accessed 25 May 2006. GMT 18: 11:06 ].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Maps

Details to collect:

Author
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Scale
Series title and number
 (if part of a series) 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
Publisher 

Example

Geographical Survey of Great Britain. (1972) Brighton. 1:50.000. London, AA Publishing.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

eBooks

Details to collect:

Author / Editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) after the name) 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Series title and number (if part of a series) 
Edition (if not the first edition)
[e-book]
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
Publisher 
Available from: database name or URL
[Date of access]

Example

Simpson, H., Jones, E. & Miles, C. (2002) The History of Springfield. 2nd edition. [e-book] Derby, Bugle Press. Available from: http://www.imperial.ac.uk/library/digitallibrary [Accessed 24th May 2006].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Statutory instruments

Documents detailing the rules written by the civil service under powers delegated from Parliament.

Details to collect:

Title (this should be in italics) 
(Year of publication) 
The abbreviation: SI 
Statutory instrument number 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Publisher

Example

The Public Contract Regulations 2006. (2006) SI 2006/5. London, TSO (The Stationary Office).

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Acts of parliament

Details to collect:

Short title, which includes the year  
Don't include "the" at the beginning of the title, or any punctuation between the title and date.

Example

Higher Educaction Act 2004

Human Rights Act 1998

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Online reports

Details to collect:

Author or corporate author 
Year of publication 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Publication number (if available) 
[type of medium]
Publisher 

Available at: URL
[Date of access]

Example

Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines. 2001, Hypertension in the elderly (SIGN publication 20), [online], SIGN. Available at: http://www.sign.ac.uk/pdf/sign49.pdf [Accessed 19 April 2007].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Keynote reports

Details to collect:

Corporate Author 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Organisation 
Report number: (this should be followed by the actual number in figures)

Example

Keynote. (2012) Footwear market report. Keynote.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Mintel reports

Details to collect:

Corporate Author 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Organisation 
Report number: (this should be followed by the actual number in figures)

Example

Mintel. (2012) Footwear retailing. Mintel.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Online Mintel reports

Details to collect:

Author or corporate author 
Year of publication 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Publication number (if available) 
[type of medium]
Publisher 

Available at: URL
[Date of access]

Example

Mintel. 2012,Footwear retailing, [online], Mintel. Available at: http://academic.mintel.com/display/590199/?highlight=true [Accessed 24 April 2013].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Online Keynote reports

Details to collect:

Author or corporate author 
Year of publication 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Publication number (if available) 
[type of medium]
Publisher 

Available at: URL
[Date of access]

Example

Keynote. 2012,Footwear market report, [online], Keynote. Available at:https://www.keynote.co.uk/market-intelligence/view/product/10546/footwear?highlight
=ladies+footwear&utm_source=kn.reports. search
 [Accessed 24 April 2013].

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Blogs

Details to collect:

Author / Corporate Author 
(Day/Month/Year)
Title 
(this should be in italics)
Weblog
[Online]
Available from: URL
[Date of access and GMT] 
(this should include hour, minute and seconds)

Example

Tyler, R. (16/06/2006). The Mechanical interface of the Tardis. Weblog. [Online] Available from: http://www.darlikcity.org/publication3.html 
[Accessed 19th April 2006. GMT 07:49:37]. 

Tip: If there is no author or corporate author use the title of the document as the main point of reference.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Multimedia

Details to collect:
Video recordings: recorded from the TV
Example

World in Action. (1995) All work and no play. [Video:VHS] London, ITV, 21st January.

Video recordings: commercial
Example

Fragile Earth, 5 (1982) South American Wetland:Pantanal. [Video:VHS] Henley,Watchword Video.

DVD recordings: commercial
Example

Management in action (2004) Managing disparate teams. [DVD] Barnsley, OPP publishing.

Audio cassettes
Example

British Diabetic Association. (2002) Guidelines on Nutrition. [Audio Cassette] London, BDA. 

CD-ROMs

Author (if no author is available use 'Anon') 
(Year of publication) 
Title of information used
CD-ROM title (this should be in italics) 
[CD-ROM]
Place of publication
Publisher

Example

Anon. (2002) Heart Attack. Mass, Encyclopaedia Britannica. [CD-ROM] Britannica.

Films

Title of film (this should be in italics) 
(Year)
[Film]
Director
place of production and Production company

Example

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. (2002) [Film] Directed by: Chris Columbus. USA, Warner Brothers.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Newspaper articles

Details to collect:

Print copy 

Reporter
(Day, month and year of publication)
Title of article
Title of newspaper (this should be in italics)
Page number(s) of article (use 'p.' before a single page number and 'pp.' when there are multiple pages)

Example

Klingon, J. (Friday 3rd October 2002) Starfleet Command. Startrek News, p.27.

Online copy 

Reporter
(Day, month and year of publication)
Title of article
Title of newspaper (this should be in italics)
[Online]
Page number(s) of article (use 'p.' before a single page number and 'pp.' when there are multiple pages)
Available from: URL
[Date of access]

Example

Paakkinen, Jouni. (Wednesday 16th October 2002) All Singing, All Dancing. The Springfield Times.[Online] Available from: http://www.snpp.com/news.html#songbook [Accessed 15th November 2002].

Tip: Some publishers just use the initial of the first name of author(s)/editor(s), others may use the full name. Always follow the format of the publisher you are referring to. If there is no author/editor use the name of the newspaper as a corporate author.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Patents

Details to collect:

Author 
(Year of publication) 
Title (this should be in italics) 
Patent number 
(Patent)

Example

Wetting, W. (1995) Fluke board varient of surf board – has extension in shape of lobe of dolphin’s tail attached by joint to underside of board. DE4412911-A1 (Patent).

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Standards

Details to collect:

Standard Body/Institution 
(Year of publication) 
Standard number 
Title
 (this should be in italics) 
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named) 
Publisher 

Example

British Standards Institution (1998) BS 5950-5:1998. Structural use of steelwork in building: code of practice for design of cold formed thin gauge sections. London, BSI.

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (1998) IEEE Std 1016-1998. I EEE recommended practice for software design descriptions . New York, IEEE.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/

Theses

Details to collect:

Author
(Year of publication)
Title 
(this should be in italics) 
Type of thesis
Academic institution

Example

Anderson, C. R. (1996) Local government in transition: LCC to GLC 1962 - 1967. PhD thesis, University of Luton.

GCU logoSMILE logo

Creative Commons Licence
SMIRK by Imperial College, Loughborough University and the University of Worcester, modified by Marion Kelt Glasgow Caledonian University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at http://www.gcu.ac.uk/library/SMILE/